黨的十(shi)九大(da)報(bao)告提(ti)出(chu)，加強應用基礎研(yan)究，拓(tuo)展實施國家(jia)重(zhong)大(da)科技(ji)(ji)(ji)項目(mu)，突(tu)出(chu)關鍵共性技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)、前沿引領技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)、現代(dai)工程(cheng)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)、顛(dian)覆性技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)創(chuang)新(xin)。人(ren)(ren)工智能就屬于其中的“顛(dian)覆性技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)”。人(ren)(ren)工智能會(hui)不會(hui)“碾壓”人(ren)(ren)類？它將給人(ren)(ren)類社(she)會(hui)帶來(lai)哪些巨(ju)變？

    人(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)從(cong)技術角(jiao)度通常可分為三個(ge)階段(duan)，即計算(suan)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)、感知(zhi)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)和(he)認(ren)知(zhi)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)。在(zai)計算(suan)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)方面(mian)，機器(qi)已絕對超過人(ren)類(lei)；感知(zhi)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)就是(shi)讓(rang)計算(suan)機能(neng)(neng)聽可看會說，現在(zai)基本上(shang)可以(yi)與(yu)人(ren)媲美，在(zai)醫學影(ying)像(xiang)讀片(pian)等(deng)特殊任務中甚至超過人(ren)類(lei)；認(ren)知(zhi)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)是(shi)指對知(zhi)識的(de)理(li)解、推理(li)、應用，目前機器(qi)在(zai)閱讀理(li)解等(deng)方面(mian)的(de)能(neng)(neng)力(li)已接近人(ren)類(lei)。人(ren)們不(bu)禁要問：這樣(yang)發展下去，人(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)是(shi)不(bu)是(shi)很快會全面(mian)超越人(ren)類(lei)？

    專家給(gei)出的(de)(de)(de)(de)答案(an)是否定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。人(ren)(ren)(ren)工智(zhi)能的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展前(qian)(qian)景不可限量，但(dan)離趕(gan)超人(ren)(ren)(ren)腦(nao)還(huan)(huan)有非(fei)常漫長(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)距離。人(ren)(ren)(ren)類的(de)(de)(de)(de)行為和(he)社會生(sheng)活復雜多(duo)變，不可能用簡(jian)單的(de)(de)(de)(de)規則來概括、描述，目前(qian)(qian)還(huan)(huan)沒有通用的(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)工智(zhi)能技術(shu)，所有人(ren)(ren)(ren)工智(zhi)能應用都被(bei)限定(ding)在(zai)特定(ding)場景中。人(ren)(ren)(ren)工智(zhi)能目前(qian)(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展階段，相當于當年蒸(zheng)汽機火車(che)剛推出的(de)(de)(de)(de)時候(hou)，離趕(gan)超人(ren)(ren)(ren)腦(nao)還(huan)(huan)非(fei)常漫長(chang)(chang)。應理性看待人(ren)(ren)(ren)工智(zhi)能的(de)(de)(de)(de)廣闊前(qian)(qian)景，不要(yao)過分熱(re)捧，否則可能導致又一個寒潮期(qi)。

    人(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)現(xian)在已(yi)經被應(ying)用(yong)(yong)到越(yue)(yue)來越(yue)(yue)多的(de)(de)行業(ye)中。比(bi)如，工(gong)(gong)廠里(li)的(de)(de)機器手臂，餐廳(ting)里(li)的(de)(de)送菜機器人(ren)，智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)家教，等等。越(yue)(yue)來越(yue)(yue)多的(de)(de)人(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)出現(xian)在我(wo)們(men)的(de)(de)身邊，并(bing)且開(kai)始進入一些和我(wo)們(men)生(sheng)活息息相關的(de)(de)行業(ye)領域。一部分(fen)人(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)開(kai)始創造新的(de)(de)生(sheng)活方式：結(jie)賬不用(yong)(yong)掏(tao)錢包，過安檢不用(yong)(yong)拿身份(fen)證，回(hui)家不用(yong)(yong)找鑰匙……這一切，都可(ke)以(yi)靠“刷臉(lian)”解決。這些解放雙手的(de)(de)操作，依(yi)賴于人(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)人(ren)臉(lian)識(shi)別技術。不得不說，這的(de)(de)確讓人(ren)們(men)的(de)(de)生(sheng)活更(geng)豐富、更(geng)便(bian)捷(jie)了，這是時代的(de)(de)進步，我(wo)們(men)應(ying)該(gai)為之感到慶幸。

    毋庸置疑，人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)會取代(dai)一(yi)些(xie)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)崗位，但也會創(chuang)造新的工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)崗位，只是工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)方式不(bu)一(yi)樣。人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)可(ke)以顯著提高人(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)的工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)效(xiao)率。原來依靠人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)去識(shi)別(bie)、審核圖(tu)片(pian)和視(shi)頻，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)量很大、速度(du)很慢，現在則完全(quan)可(ke)以交(jiao)給機器，能(neng)(neng)(neng)快速過(guo)濾(lv)掉大部(bu)分無(wu)用信(xin)息，節省人(ren)(ren)(ren)力和時間。國內不(bu)少電(dian)商平臺和快遞公(gong)司在物流領域布局人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)，配備(bei)了智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)機器人(ren)(ren)(ren)進行快遞分揀，有的機器人(ren)(ren)(ren)只需充(chong)電(dian)幾分鐘就能(neng)(neng)(neng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)幾小時。這些(xie)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)機器人(ren)(ren)(ren)能(neng)(neng)(neng)識(shi)別(bie)出快遞的面單信(xin)息，然后(hou)設計出最優(you)分揀路線。利用人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)幫助醫生(sheng)識(shi)別(bie)醫學影像，尋找其中的病根癥結，是很多人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)公(gong)司近(jin)年(nian)來開發的新技(ji)術。

    人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)可(ke)以拓展人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)的(de)(de)感知。人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)感官只有耳朵、眼睛、鼻子、嘴巴(ba)等，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)可(ke)以拓展人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)的(de)(de)感知能(neng)(neng)力和(he)行動能(neng)(neng)力。少數人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)天(tian)生就有聽覺障礙、視(shi)覺障礙等，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)可(ke)以彌補這些缺陷(xian)。人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)還(huan)可(ke)以幫助人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)探索(suo)新的(de)(de)未知領域。人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)腦(nao)是如何持續學習、積累知識的(de)(de)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)是如何產(chan)生情緒和(he)意識的(de)(de)，目(mu)前還(huan)不太清(qing)楚。有了先進的(de)(de)算法之后，結合數據(ju)做快(kuai)速分析和(he)跨領域綜合比較(jiao)，有望探索(suo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)認知和(he)心靈(ling)層面的(de)(de)東西(xi)。人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)可(ke)借助人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)探索(suo)浩瀚(han)宇宙(zhou)和(he)深邃海(hai)洋(yang)。

    人工(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)正在深(shen)刻(ke)改(gai)變通(tong)(tong)信產業。通(tong)(tong)信網絡(luo)優化是(shi)一項改(gai)進(jin)延(yan)遲(chi)、帶(dai)寬(kuan)(kuan)、設計或架構的(de)(de)技術，是(shi)能(neng)(neng)以(yi)有利方式(shi)增加數據流(liu)的(de)(de)技術。對(dui)于通(tong)(tong)信服務提供商(shang)來(lai)說，優化可以(yi)直接轉化為更好的(de)(de)客戶體驗，除了(le)帶(dai)寬(kuan)(kuan)不足之外，運(yun)營(ying)商(shang)面臨的(de)(de)最(zui)大挑戰(zhan)之一是(shi)網絡(luo)延(yan)遲(chi)，像手機上的(de)(de)AR、VR等(deng)應用，只有極低的(de)(de)延(yan)遲(chi)才能(neng)(neng)達到最(zui)佳效果。運(yun)營(ying)商(shang)將基于AI的(de)(de)解(jie)決方案集(ji)成到5G無(wu)線(xian)技術中，利用邊緣計算(suan)減(jian)少帶(dai)寬(kuan)(kuan)限制，并與(yu)云進(jin)行通(tong)(tong)信。

    我國在(zai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工智(zhi)能(neng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)儲備(bei)和數據研發(fa)上有優(you)勢，但(dan)在(zai)制造(zao)業應用(yong)方面的(de)基(ji)(ji)礎技術還不夠成熟，同時(shi)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工智(zhi)能(neng)在(zai)制造(zao)業應用(yong)場景中也需要創(chuang)新。理性(xing)看待人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工智(zhi)能(neng)行業發(fa)展，避免非(fei)理性(xing)炒作，有利于人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工智(zhi)能(neng)的(de)整(zheng)體(ti)發(fa)展。落實人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工智(zhi)能(neng)國家戰(zhan)略(lve)，必須打造(zao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工智(zhi)能(neng)“人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)矩陣”，形成基(ji)(ji)礎能(neng)力、源頭創(chuang)新、產業研發(fa)、應用(yong)開發(fa)、實用(yong)技能(neng)等(deng)多類型人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)并(bing)重(zhong)并(bing)用(yong)的(de)局面。

    總之(zhi)，人工(gong)智(zhi)能把人類(lei)從單調低級的(de)(de)勞作中解放出來，人們可做更有創意(yi)、更有價值的(de)(de)事情。人工(gong)智(zhi)能給人類(lei)社會帶(dai)來的(de)(de)影響將是全(quan)方位(wei)的(de)(de)，會讓我們的(de)(de)生活越來越美好。