習近平主席提出構建人類命運共同體理念以來，構建人類命運共同體從理念轉化為行動、從愿景轉變為現實，為攜手建設更加美好的世界凝聚廣泛共識、匯聚強大力量，成為引領時代潮流和人類前進方向的鮮明旗幟。作為習近平外交思想的重要組成部分，構建人類命運共同體理念形成科學完整的思想體系，并隨著實踐發展愈發彰顯把握大勢的真理力量、解答時代之問的引領作用。這一理念具有哪些豐富內涵，取得怎樣的實踐成果，對人類文明發展進步有何價值？圍繞這一理念形成的研究成果，對于建構中國自主的知識體系有何意義？本期學術版圍繞這些問題進行探討。

——編 者

人類命運共同體理念的豐富意蘊和重大價值（學術圓桌）

高祖貴

  百年(nian)變(bian)局之(zhi)中，世(shi)界(jie)向(xiang)何處(chu)去、人類怎(zen)么辦，成為(wei)亟須(xu)回答(da)的(de)(de)重大(da)(da)課題。十年(nian)前，面對(dui)國(guo)際形勢的(de)(de)深刻變(bian)化和(he)世(shi)界(jie)各國(guo)同舟共濟的(de)(de)客觀要求，習(xi)近平主席統(tong)籌中華民(min)族偉大(da)(da)復興戰略(lve)全局和(he)世(shi)界(jie)百年(nian)未(wei)有之(zhi)大(da)(da)變(bian)局，創(chuang)造性提出構(gou)建人類命(ming)運共同體理念，為(wei)建設更加美好世(shi)界(jie)提供中國(guo)方(fang)案。十年(nian)來(lai)，構(gou)建人類命(ming)運共同體的(de)(de)思想(xiang)體系不斷完(wan)善、實(shi)踐成果日益(yi)豐富。這(zhe)一理念引(yin)起國(guo)內外(wai)廣泛關注和(he)持續研究，愈益(yi)為(wei)實(shi)踐所驗證，愈益(yi)深入(ru)人心，彰顯出強大(da)(da)的(de)(de)影(ying)響力(li)(li)、生命(ming)力(li)(li)、感(gan)召力(li)(li)，成為(wei)引(yin)領時(shi)代潮流和(he)人類前進方(fang)向(xiang)的(de)(de)鮮明旗幟。

深入把握思想體系

  “建(jian)設一個(ge)什么樣(yang)的世界、如何(he)建(jian)設這個(ge)世界”是人類(lei)(lei)社會(hui)永(yong)恒的命(ming)(ming)題。2013年3月，習(xi)(xi)近平(ping)主席(xi)在(zai)莫斯科(ke)國(guo)(guo)際關系(xi)學院(yuan)提出(chu)(chu)(chu)人類(lei)(lei)命(ming)(ming)運(yun)(yun)(yun)共同(tong)(tong)(tong)體(ti)的理(li)(li)念(nian)。2015年9月，習(xi)(xi)近平(ping)主席(xi)在(zai)第七(qi)十屆聯合國(guo)(guo)大會(hui)的重要講話中，強(qiang)調各(ge)(ge)國(guo)(guo)攜手構(gou)(gou)建(jian)合作(zuo)共贏新(xin)(xin)伙伴，同(tong)(tong)(tong)心打造人類(lei)(lei)命(ming)(ming)運(yun)(yun)(yun)共同(tong)(tong)(tong)體(ti)。2017年1月，習(xi)(xi)近平(ping)主席(xi)在(zai)聯合國(guo)(guo)日內瓦(wa)總部發表重要演講，倡導(dao)各(ge)(ge)國(guo)(guo)共同(tong)(tong)(tong)構(gou)(gou)建(jian)人類(lei)(lei)命(ming)(ming)運(yun)(yun)(yun)共同(tong)(tong)(tong)體(ti)，提出(chu)(chu)(chu)國(guo)(guo)際社會(hui)要從(cong)伙伴關系(xi)、安全格局(ju)、經濟發展(zhan)、文明交(jiao)流、生態建(jian)設等方面作(zuo)出(chu)(chu)(chu)努力。此后，習(xi)(xi)近平(ping)主席(xi)又提出(chu)(chu)(chu)一系(xi)列重要新(xin)(xin)理(li)(li)念(nian)新(xin)(xin)倡議，從(cong)不同(tong)(tong)(tong)角度深化擴展(zhan)這一理(li)(li)念(nian)。構(gou)(gou)建(jian)人類(lei)(lei)命(ming)(ming)運(yun)(yun)(yun)共同(tong)(tong)(tong)體(ti)作(zuo)為不斷豐富發展(zhan)的科(ke)學思想體(ti)系(xi)，需要我們從(cong)多(duo)層面、多(duo)維度深入研究和把握。

  從時(shi)代(dai)背景(jing)來把握(wo)。習近平主(zhu)席指出：“人(ren)類(lei)生活(huo)在同(tong)(tong)(tong)一個(ge)地球村(cun)里，生活(huo)在歷史和(he)現實交匯的(de)同(tong)(tong)(tong)一個(ge)時(shi)空(kong)里，越(yue)來越(yue)成為你中有我(wo)、我(wo)中有你的(de)命(ming)運(yun)共同(tong)(tong)(tong)體。”當今世(shi)界正處于百年未(wei)有之大(da)變(bian)局，但和(he)平、發展、合作、共贏的(de)歷史潮(chao)(chao)流(liu)不(bu)可阻擋(dang)(dang)，世(shi)界各國相(xiang)互依存(cun)、人(ren)類(lei)命(ming)運(yun)緊密相(xiang)連的(de)發展大(da)勢不(bu)可阻擋(dang)(dang)。同(tong)(tong)(tong)時(shi)，和(he)平赤(chi)字(zi)、發展赤(chi)字(zi)、安全赤(chi)字(zi)、治理(li)赤(chi)字(zi)加重，人(ren)類(lei)社(she)會面臨(lin)更多(duo)嚴峻的(de)共同(tong)(tong)(tong)性挑(tiao)戰。站在何去何從的(de)十字(zi)路(lu)口，構建人(ren)類(lei)命(ming)運(yun)共同(tong)(tong)(tong)體理(li)念順應時(shi)代(dai)潮(chao)(chao)流(liu)和(he)各國人(ren)民期待，為世(shi)界發展指明了前進方(fang)向(xiang)。

  從總體(ti)(ti)布局來把握。人類命運(yun)共同體(ti)(ti)，顧(gu)名思義，就(jiu)是每個(ge)(ge)(ge)民族、每個(ge)(ge)(ge)國(guo)家(jia)的(de)前途(tu)命運(yun)都緊緊聯系(xi)在(zai)一(yi)(yi)起，應該風雨(yu)同舟、榮(rong)辱與共，努力把我們生(sheng)(sheng)于(yu)斯、長于(yu)斯的(de)這個(ge)(ge)(ge)星球建(jian)成一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)和(he)睦(mu)的(de)大家(jia)庭(ting)，把世界(jie)(jie)各國(guo)人民對美(mei)好生(sheng)(sheng)活的(de)向往變成現(xian)實。這一(yi)(yi)理念以“五個(ge)(ge)(ge)世界(jie)(jie)”為總體(ti)(ti)布局，即堅持(chi)對話協商(shang)，建(jian)設(she)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)持(chi)久和(he)平的(de)世界(jie)(jie)；堅持(chi)共建(jian)共享(xiang)，建(jian)設(she)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)普(pu)遍安全的(de)世界(jie)(jie)；堅持(chi)合(he)作(zuo)共贏，建(jian)設(she)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)共同繁榮(rong)的(de)世界(jie)(jie)；堅持(chi)交流(liu)互(hu)鑒，建(jian)設(she)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)開放包容的(de)世界(jie)(jie)；堅持(chi)綠(lv)色低(di)碳，建(jian)設(she)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)清(qing)潔美(mei)麗的(de)世界(jie)(jie)。

  從路(lu)徑平臺(tai)來把握。推動構(gou)建(jian)新(xin)型國際關系，是(shi)構(gou)建(jian)人(ren)類命運(yun)共同體(ti)的根(gen)本路(lu)徑。秉持(chi)相互(hu)尊重、公(gong)平正義(yi)、合(he)作(zuo)共贏的原則，深化拓展(zhan)平等、開(kai)放(fang)、合(he)作(zuo)的全球(qiu)伙伴(ban)關系，走出國與國交往的新(xin)路(lu)。共建(jian)“一(yi)帶一(yi)路(lu)”為(wei)構(gou)建(jian)人(ren)類命運(yun)共同體(ti)提供實踐平臺(tai)。“一(yi)帶一(yi)路(lu)”以(yi)互(hu)聯互(hu)通(tong)為(wei)著力點(dian)，推進共建(jian)國家和地區政策溝通(tong)、設施聯通(tong)、貿易暢(chang)通(tong)、資金(jin)融(rong)通(tong)、民(min)心相通(tong)，開(kai)辟(pi)共同發(fa)展(zhan)、共贏發(fa)展(zhan)、共享發(fa)展(zhan)之(zhi)路(lu)。

  從重要依托來把握(wo)。全(quan)(quan)球(qiu)發(fa)展倡(chang)議、全(quan)(quan)球(qiu)安全(quan)(quan)倡(chang)議、全(quan)(quan)球(qiu)文(wen)明(ming)倡(chang)議的(de)(de)提(ti)出(chu)和落實，為(wei)構(gou)(gou)建人類(lei)命運共(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)體(ti)提(ti)供強有力支撐(cheng)。全(quan)(quan)球(qiu)發(fa)展倡(chang)議主張堅持發(fa)展優先，構(gou)(gou)建團(tuan)結、平(ping)等、均衡、普惠(hui)的(de)(de)全(quan)(quan)球(qiu)發(fa)展伙(huo)伴(ban)關系。全(quan)(quan)球(qiu)安全(quan)(quan)倡(chang)議主張各(ge)(ge)國堅持共(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)、綜合、合作(zuo)、可(ke)持續的(de)(de)安全(quan)(quan)觀，推動構(gou)(gou)建不(bu)可(ke)分(fen)割的(de)(de)全(quan)(quan)球(qiu)安全(quan)(quan)共(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)體(ti)，走出(chu)一條對話(hua)而不(bu)對抗、結伴(ban)而不(bu)結盟、共(gong)(gong)(gong)贏而非零和的(de)(de)新型安全(quan)(quan)之路。全(quan)(quan)球(qiu)文(wen)明(ming)倡(chang)議倡(chang)導不(bu)同(tong)文(wen)明(ming)包容共(gong)(gong)(gong)存、交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)互鑒(jian)，努力開創世界各(ge)(ge)國人文(wen)交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)、文(wen)化交(jiao)(jiao)融、民心相通新局面(mian)。三大倡(chang)議廣泛(fan)凝聚(ju)共(gong)(gong)(gong)識、匯聚(ju)力量，為(wei)構(gou)(gou)建人類(lei)命運共(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)體(ti)注入強大動力。

  從(cong)價(jia)(jia)值追求來(lai)把握。和(he)平、發(fa)展、公平、正義、民(min)主、自(zi)由的(de)全人類共同價(jia)(jia)值，是各國人民(min)的(de)共同追求。我(wo)們要本著對(dui)人類前(qian)途命運高度負責的(de)態(tai)度，做全人類共同價(jia)(jia)值的(de)倡導者，以寬(kuan)廣胸(xiong)懷理解不同文明(ming)對(dui)價(jia)(jia)值內涵的(de)認(ren)識，不將自(zi)己(ji)的(de)價(jia)(jia)值觀(guan)和(he)模式強加于人，不搞意(yi)(yi)識形(xing)態(tai)對(dui)抗。這為世界(jie)各國在價(jia)(jia)值觀(guan)和(he)意(yi)(yi)識形(xing)態(tai)領(ling)(ling)域超越差(cha)異分歧、實(shi)現(xian)文明(ming)交流互鑒提供了思想(xiang)支撐，為構建(jian)人類命運共同體提供了價(jia)(jia)值引領(ling)(ling)。

  構建人類命運共同(tong)體理念(nian)，把馬克思(si)主義關于世界歷史的(de)(de)思(si)想與中華優(you)秀傳統(tong)文(wen)化所孕育的(de)(de)宇宙觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)和(he)天下觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)結合起(qi)(qi)來(lai)，把中華民(min)族(zu)的(de)(de)前途命運與人類社(she)會的(de)(de)未來(lai)發(fa)展(zhan)統(tong)一(yi)起(qi)(qi)來(lai)，把實現民(min)族(zu)復興和(he)推動(dong)人類進(jin)步統(tong)一(yi)到新(xin)時代的(de)(de)偉大實踐(jian)中。這一(yi)理念(nian)，為不(bu)同(tong)文(wen)明(ming)相(xiang)處提(ti)供(gong)新(xin)范式(shi)，為全球治理提(ti)供(gong)新(xin)思(si)路，為國際交往提(ti)供(gong)新(xin)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)念(nian)，為應對(dui)共同(tong)挑戰(zhan)提(ti)供(gong)新(xin)方(fang)案，是對(dui)傳統(tong)國際關系權力觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、利益觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、發(fa)展(zhan)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、治理觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、秩序觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)創新(xin)和(he)超越。

全面梳理實踐成果

  經過(guo)十年不懈努力(li)，新(xin)時代中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)特色大(da)國(guo)(guo)外交不斷(duan)開創新(xin)局面，構(gou)建人(ren)類命(ming)(ming)運(yun)共(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)取得豐碩成果。在(zai)雙邊層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)面，我國(guo)(guo)與(yu)老(lao)撾、巴基斯坦(tan)、柬埔寨、泰國(guo)(guo)等(deng)國(guo)(guo)家就構(gou)建雙邊命(ming)(ming)運(yun)共(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)發表行動計(ji)劃、聯合(he)聲明或達成重要(yao)共(gong)(gong)(gong)識；在(zai)區域(yu)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)面，推動建設(she)周邊、亞洲、中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)—東盟、中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)—中(zhong)亞、上海合(he)作組織等(deng)命(ming)(ming)運(yun)共(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)；在(zai)跨區域(yu)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)面，推動建設(she)中(zhong)非、中(zhong)阿、中(zhong)拉、中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)—太平洋島(dao)國(guo)(guo)等(deng)命(ming)(ming)運(yun)共(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)；在(zai)全球(qiu)治理(li)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)面，推動構(gou)建網絡空間命(ming)(ming)運(yun)共(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)、核安全命(ming)(ming)運(yun)共(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)、人(ren)類衛生(sheng)健康共(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)、全球(qiu)發展共(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)、人(ren)與(yu)自(zi)然生(sheng)命(ming)(ming)共(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)、地球(qiu)生(sheng)命(ming)(ming)共(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)等(deng)。不同(tong)(tong)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)面的共(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)建設(she)，推動我國(guo)(guo)與(yu)越來越多的國(guo)(guo)家不斷(duan)深(shen)化利益融合(he)、愈加相(xiang)知(zhi)相(xiang)親。

  在構(gou)建人類(lei)命運共同體(ti)理念引領(ling)下，我國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)堅持共商(shang)共建共享的(de)全球治(zhi)理觀，參(can)與引領(ling)全球治(zhi)理體(ti)系變革和建設。倡導真正(zheng)的(de)多(duo)邊(bian)主義，反對單邊(bian)主義和保護主義，堅定維(wei)護以聯(lian)合(he)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)為核心的(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)體(ti)系、以國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)法為基(ji)礎的(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)秩序、以聯(lian)合(he)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)憲章(zhang)宗(zong)旨(zhi)和原(yuan)則為基(ji)礎的(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)關系基(ji)本準則，支持擴大(da)發展中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家在國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)事(shi)務中(zhong)的(de)代表性(xing)和話語權。十(shi)年來(lai)，人類(lei)命運共同體(ti)多(duo)次寫(xie)入聯(lian)合(he)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、上合(he)組(zu)織、金(jin)磚國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家等多(duo)邊(bian)機制決議或宣言(yan)，其承載的(de)要(yao)(yao)和平(ping)不(bu)(bu)要(yao)(yao)戰爭、要(yao)(yao)發展不(bu)(bu)要(yao)(yao)貧窮、要(yao)(yao)開放(fang)不(bu)(bu)要(yao)(yao)封(feng)閉、要(yao)(yao)合(he)作不(bu)(bu)要(yao)(yao)對抗、要(yao)(yao)團(tuan)結不(bu)(bu)要(yao)(yao)分裂、要(yao)(yao)公平(ping)不(bu)(bu)要(yao)(yao)霸凌的(de)價(jia)值選擇越(yue)發深入人心，為超越(yue)冷戰思維(wei)，探索(suo)對話合(he)作新模(mo)式(shi)、共謀(mou)和平(ping)發展新未來(lai)描(miao)繪了美好藍圖。

  習近平(ping)主席強調：“推動構(gou)建人類命運(yun)共同體(ti)，不(bu)(bu)是以一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)制(zhi)度代(dai)(dai)替另一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)制(zhi)度，不(bu)(bu)是以一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)文明代(dai)(dai)替另一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)文明，而(er)是不(bu)(bu)同社會制(zhi)度、不(bu)(bu)同意識形態、不(bu)(bu)同歷史文化(hua)、不(bu)(bu)同發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)水平(ping)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)在(zai)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際事務中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)利(li)益(yi)共生(sheng)、權利(li)共享、責任(ren)共擔，形成共建美好(hao)世界(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最大(da)公約數。”中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)提出(chu)構(gou)建人類命運(yun)共同體(ti)，并(bing)不(bu)(bu)是要對國(guo)(guo)(guo)際體(ti)系推倒(dao)重來，也不(bu)(bu)是另起(qi)爐灶，而(er)是創(chuang)新完善，推動改革全球治理(li)體(ti)系中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)(bu)公正不(bu)(bu)合理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)排，努(nu)力(li)(li)使全球治理(li)體(ti)制(zhi)更(geng)加平(ping)衡地反映(ying)大(da)多(duo)數國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)意愿和(he)利(li)益(yi)，廣泛凝聚(ju)共建共享的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)智慧和(he)力(li)(li)量。這一(yi)(yi)理(li)念，是中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)在(zai)對時代(dai)(dai)特征、世界(jie)大(da)勢、自身發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)條件(jian)和(he)目標等深刻把握(wo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎上，伴隨(sui)著(zhu)深度融入世界(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進程而(er)提出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，體(ti)現發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)起(qi)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)不(bu)(bu)認(ren)同國(guo)(guo)(guo)強必霸邏輯、走和(he)平(ping)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)道路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)堅定信心(xin)和(he)決心(xin)。構(gou)建人類命運(yun)共同體(ti)在(zai)實(shi)踐中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)取得的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)系列成果(guo)，充分證(zheng)明中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)和(he)平(ping)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)道路(lu)對西(xi)方(fang)現實(shi)主義權力(li)(li)邏輯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全面(mian)超(chao)越。

不斷深化理論研究

  伴隨構建人類命運共同(tong)體思(si)想內涵(han)的(de)(de)不斷豐(feng)富和實踐的(de)(de)深入推進，相關(guan)研究主要(yao)從理論的(de)(de)演化發展(zhan)和實踐的(de)(de)政(zheng)策舉(ju)措兩個(ge)維度展(zhan)開。

  從(cong)理(li)(li)(li)論(lun)(lun)維度上，相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)研究從(cong)哲學(xue)、政治學(xue)等學(xue)科領域出發，主要圍繞人(ren)類命運(yun)共(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)體及與(yu)其緊密關(guan)(guan)聯的新(xin)型國(guo)(guo)際(ji)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)、共(gong)(gong)(gong)建“一帶一路”、全人(ren)類共(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)價值等理(li)(li)(li)念倡議的內涵(han)外(wai)(wai)(wai)延、價值意義等展開。這些理(li)(li)(li)念倡議在習近平外(wai)(wai)(wai)交思(si)想(xiang)體系(xi)中(zhong)的地(di)位，其理(li)(li)(li)論(lun)(lun)淵源及相(xiang)互(hu)之(zhi)間的邏輯關(guan)(guan)系(xi)，與(yu)馬克思(si)主義國(guo)(guo)際(ji)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)理(li)(li)(li)論(lun)(lun)、與(yu)新(xin)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)成(cheng)立以來(lai)的外(wai)(wai)(wai)交優良傳統(tong)(tong)的傳承與(yu)創新(xin)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)，對過去長期主導世界的西方傳統(tong)(tong)國(guo)(guo)際(ji)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)理(li)(li)(li)論(lun)(lun)的超越(yue)等，圍繞這些問題形成(cheng)一大批研究成(cheng)果。

  在實踐維度上(shang)，相關研究主要圍繞(rao)一(yi)系列(lie)現(xian)實針(zhen)對(dui)性較強的問題展(zhan)開(kai)，比如，構建人類命(ming)運共同(tong)體對(dui)解決當今世界和(he)平、發展(zhan)、安全面臨的突出問題的實際意義，構建人類命(ming)運共同(tong)體面臨的機遇(yu)和(he)挑戰(zhan)以及實現(xian)路徑、政策、舉措(cuo)，人類命(ming)運共同(tong)體理(li)念在不同(tong)國家與文化之間的傳播和(he)認知情況以及如何促進有效傳播和(he)正確認知，等等。

  作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)在新(xin)(xin)時代偉大(da)實踐中形(xing)成并不斷豐富發展的(de)(de)理(li)(li)念(nian)，構建(jian)(jian)人類(lei)命(ming)運(yun)共同(tong)體(ti)回(hui)應了(le)我(wo)國和(he)世界發展的(de)(de)重(zhong)大(da)問題，具有(you)鮮明(ming)的(de)(de)主體(ti)性、原創(chuang)性。這一(yi)理(li)(li)念(nian)引(yin)導研究者以(yi)中國為(wei)(wei)觀照(zhao)、以(yi)時代為(wei)(wei)觀照(zhao)，解決人類(lei)面臨(lin)的(de)(de)共同(tong)問題，增強研究的(de)(de)自(zi)主性，為(wei)(wei)推動我(wo)國哲學社(she)會科學知(zhi)識(shi)創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)、理(li)(li)論(lun)創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)、方法創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)拓(tuo)展了(le)寬廣空(kong)間。圍繞這一(yi)理(li)(li)念(nian)形(xing)成的(de)(de)研究成果，為(wei)(wei)建(jian)(jian)構中國自(zi)主的(de)(de)知(zhi)識(shi)體(ti)系作(zuo)出了(le)重(zhong)要貢獻。

  構建(jian)人(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)命(ming)運(yun)(yun)共(gong)同(tong)體(ti)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)個需要(yao)長期不懈(xie)努力才(cai)能(neng)(neng)實現的(de)美好目標。我們要(yao)以更長遠視角(jiao)、更廣闊視野深化和拓展研究，為這一(yi)(yi)理念在實踐中進(jin)(jin)一(yi)(yi)步(bu)走深走實提供學理支撐。比(bi)如，在中國式現代化進(jin)(jin)程(cheng)中、在世界現代化進(jin)(jin)程(cheng)中，構建(jian)人(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)命(ming)運(yun)(yun)共(gong)同(tong)體(ti)的(de)價(jia)值(zhi)和意(yi)義；在人(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)文(wen)明的(de)視域下，構建(jian)人(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)命(ming)運(yun)(yun)共(gong)同(tong)體(ti)對創造人(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)文(wen)明新形(xing)態(tai)的(de)貢獻；如何夯實共(gong)同(tong)利益基(ji)(ji)礎、共(gong)同(tong)價(jia)值(zhi)基(ji)(ji)礎，不斷(duan)破解構建(jian)人(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)命(ming)運(yun)(yun)共(gong)同(tong)體(ti)的(de)現實難題；結合當下信息化、網絡化、數據化、智能(neng)(neng)化方興未艾的(de)時代背景(jing)，人(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)命(ming)運(yun)(yun)共(gong)同(tong)體(ti)的(de)未來圖景(jing)有哪些特點等，這些都是(shi)(shi)需要(yao)進(jin)(jin)一(yi)(yi)步(bu)深化研究的(de)問題。

（作者為中央黨(dang)校（國家行(xing)政學院(yuan)）國際戰略研究院(yuan)院(yuan)長）

 

引領人類文明進步的發展方向（學術圓桌）

劉同舫

  中(zhong)國式(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)代化代表人(ren)(ren)類(lei)文(wen)明(ming)進(jin)步(bu)的(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)方(fang)向，展(zhan)現(xian)(xian)了不同(tong)(tong)于(yu)西方(fang)現(xian)(xian)代化模式(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)新(xin)圖景(jing)，是(shi)一(yi)種全(quan)新(xin)的(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)類(lei)文(wen)明(ming)形(xing)態。中(zhong)國式(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)代化走和平發(fa)展(zhan)道路，始(shi)終(zhong)站在歷史正(zheng)確的(de)(de)一(yi)邊、站在人(ren)(ren)類(lei)文(wen)明(ming)進(jin)步(bu)的(de)(de)一(yi)邊，推動構(gou)建人(ren)(ren)類(lei)命運共同(tong)(tong)體(ti)(ti)。構(gou)建人(ren)(ren)類(lei)命運共同(tong)(tong)體(ti)(ti)，有利(li)于(yu)解決人(ren)(ren)類(lei)面(mian)臨的(de)(de)共同(tong)(tong)問題，不斷(duan)推動人(ren)(ren)類(lei)文(wen)明(ming)進(jin)步(bu)，不斷(duan)譜寫人(ren)(ren)類(lei)文(wen)明(ming)發(fa)展(zhan)新(xin)篇章。

  促進(jin)(jin)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)文明命運(yun)(yun)與共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。馬克思、恩格斯說：“各民族的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原始(shi)封閉狀態由(you)于日益(yi)(yi)完善的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生產方(fang)式、交往以(yi)及(ji)因交往而自然形成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)民族之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)工消滅得越(yue)是(shi)徹底(di)，歷(li)(li)史也就(jiu)越(yue)是(shi)成(cheng)為世(shi)(shi)界(jie)(jie)(jie)歷(li)(li)史。”在(zai)唯物史觀的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)視域中(zhong)(zhong)，世(shi)(shi)界(jie)(jie)(jie)歷(li)(li)史的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形成(cheng)，是(shi)資本在(zai)全(quan)球各地“到(dao)處(chu)落戶，到(dao)處(chu)開(kai)(kai)發(fa)，到(dao)處(chu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)立聯(lian)系”推(tui)(tui)動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結果。但由(you)資本推(tui)(tui)動(dong)形成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)世(shi)(shi)界(jie)(jie)(jie)體系，從一(yi)開(kai)(kai)始(shi)就(jiu)具有不(bu)(bu)(bu)平(ping)等性(xing)，并不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)均衡(heng)地增進(jin)(jin)全(quan)人(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)利(li)益(yi)(yi)。資本邏輯支配下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)世(shi)(shi)界(jie)(jie)(jie)市場體系、全(quan)球治理體系面(mian)臨著深刻危機。構建(jian)(jian)(jian)人(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)命運(yun)(yun)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)體理念(nian)，秉持大(da)小國家一(yi)律平(ping)等，堅(jian)持共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)商、共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)、共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)享(xiang)，主張世(shi)(shi)界(jie)(jie)(jie)命運(yun)(yun)應(ying)該由(you)各國共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)掌握(wo)，國際規則應(ying)該由(you)各國共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)書(shu)寫，全(quan)球事務應(ying)該由(you)各國共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)治理，發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)成(cheng)果應(ying)該由(you)各國共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)分(fen)享(xiang)。依托共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)“一(yi)帶(dai)一(yi)路”等平(ping)臺，通過世(shi)(shi)界(jie)(jie)(jie)范圍內的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經濟互利(li)合(he)作，提升發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)中(zhong)(zhong)國家在(zai)全(quan)球產業鏈中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地位(wei)，進(jin)(jin)一(yi)步消弭南北(bei)差距，推(tui)(tui)動(dong)解(jie)決(jue)國家間和(he)各國內部發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)平(ping)衡(heng)、不(bu)(bu)(bu)充分(fen)問題(ti)。推(tui)(tui)動(dong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設開(kai)(kai)放型世(shi)(shi)界(jie)(jie)(jie)經濟，增強合(he)作機制、理念(nian)、政策(ce)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)(kai)放性(xing)和(he)包容(rong)性(xing)，推(tui)(tui)動(dong)經濟全(quan)球化向著更加開(kai)(kai)放、包容(rong)、普惠(hui)、平(ping)衡(heng)、共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)贏的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)向發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，讓發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)成(cheng)果更多惠(hui)及(ji)人(ren)(ren)民，打造(zao)更加牢固的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)利(li)益(yi)(yi)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)體。構建(jian)(jian)(jian)人(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)命運(yun)(yun)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)理念(nian)和(he)實踐(jian)，推(tui)(tui)動(dong)人(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)在(zai)相(xiang)互聯(lian)系、彼此依存中(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷增進(jin)(jin)整(zheng)體利(li)益(yi)(yi)，推(tui)(tui)動(dong)全(quan)球生產力更加均衡(heng)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，推(tui)(tui)動(dong)利(li)益(yi)(yi)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)生、權利(li)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)享(xiang)、責任共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)擔，有力促進(jin)(jin)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)文明彼此平(ping)等、命運(yun)(yun)與共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、休(xiu)戚與共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。

  促(cu)(cu)進不同(tong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)合(he)(he)(he)作(zuo)共(gong)(gong)贏(ying)(ying)(ying)。世界范圍內的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)代化進程，是(shi)從西方資本主(zhu)義國(guo)家開(kai)始的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。伴隨(sui)著較早完成(cheng)工(gong)業化，資本主(zhu)義文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)形成(cheng)了“以我(wo)為(wei)(wei)尊(zun)”“以我(wo)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)心態，在處理(li)“我(wo)”與(yu)“他(ta)者”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)系(xi)上更強(qiang)調(diao)競(jing)爭多于合(he)(he)(he)作(zuo)、對立多于統一(yi)。零和博(bo)弈、冷(leng)戰(zhan)思維、“脫鉤斷鏈”等思維和做法，正是(shi)造(zao)成(cheng)當下(xia)世界和平(ping)赤(chi)(chi)(chi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)、發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)赤(chi)(chi)(chi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)、安全赤(chi)(chi)(chi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)、治理(li)赤(chi)(chi)(chi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)加劇的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要根源(yuan)。構(gou)建人(ren)類(lei)(lei)命運共(gong)(gong)同(tong)體理(li)念(nian)，摒棄“文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)優(you)越(yue)論(lun)”“文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)沖突論(lun)”，主(zhu)張萬物并(bing)育而(er)不相害、道并(bing)行(xing)而(er)不相悖(bei)，尊(zun)重文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)個性(xing)，積極尋求文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)共(gong)(gong)性(xing)，以文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)交(jiao)流超(chao)(chao)越(yue)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)隔閡、文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)互鑒超(chao)(chao)越(yue)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)沖突、文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)包容超(chao)(chao)越(yue)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)優(you)越(yue)，讓文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)交(jiao)流互鑒成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)推動人(ren)類(lei)(lei)社(she)會進步(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)動力(li)(li)、維護世界和平(ping)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)紐帶。這為(wei)(wei)處理(li)不同(tong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)系(xi)提供了新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)視角。強(qiang)調(diao)樹立雙贏(ying)(ying)(ying)、多贏(ying)(ying)(ying)、共(gong)(gong)贏(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新理(li)念(nian)，摒棄你輸我(wo)贏(ying)(ying)(ying)、贏(ying)(ying)(ying)者通(tong)吃的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)舊思維，擴大同(tong)其他(ta)國(guo)家利益的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)匯合(he)(he)(he)點，把自(zi)身發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)與(yu)世界各國(guo)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)統一(yi)起來(lai)，促(cu)(cu)進共(gong)(gong)同(tong)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)繁榮。提倡在公平(ping)公正基礎上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)良性(xing)競(jing)爭，堅持(chi)對話而(er)不對抗、包容而(er)不排他(ta)，用戰(zhan)略(lve)溝通(tong)增進政治互信(xin)，用協商對話取代對立沖突。構(gou)建人(ren)類(lei)(lei)命運共(gong)(gong)同(tong)體，要打造(zao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)一(yi)個容得下(xia)各國(guo)共(gong)(gong)同(tong)成(cheng)長和進步(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)世界，將有(you)力(li)(li)促(cu)(cu)進不同(tong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)合(he)(he)(he)作(zuo)共(gong)(gong)贏(ying)(ying)(ying)、和合(he)(he)(he)共(gong)(gong)生。

  促(cu)進(jin)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)文(wen)明(ming)包容共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)存(cun)(cun)。西方以資本為中心(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)現代(dai)化，通過(guo)殖民(min)擴張實(shi)(shi)現資本原(yuan)始積(ji)累(lei)，通過(guo)對(dui)(dui)外戰爭轉嫁自身發(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)種種危機，通過(guo)推(tui)行所謂“普(pu)(pu)世(shi)(shi)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)”將自己的(de)(de)(de)(de)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)觀和(he)模式強(qiang)加于人(ren)(ren)(ren)，給人(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)文(wen)明(ming)帶來了(le)深重災難。構建人(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)命(ming)(ming)運共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)(tong)體以全人(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)(tong)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)為價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)追(zhui)求(qiu)和(he)支撐。各國(guo)(guo)歷(li)史、文(wen)化、制度、發(fa)展水平不(bu)(bu)(bu)盡相同(tong)(tong)(tong)，但各國(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)都追(zhui)求(qiu)和(he)平、發(fa)展、公平、正義、民(min)主(zhu)(zhu)、自由(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)全人(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)(tong)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)。和(he)平與發(fa)展是我們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)(tong)事業(ye)，公平正義是我們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)(tong)理(li)(li)想，民(min)主(zhu)(zhu)自由(you)是我們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)(tong)追(zhui)求(qiu)。世(shi)(shi)上不(bu)(bu)(bu)存(cun)(cun)在高人(ren)(ren)(ren)一等(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“自由(you)民(min)主(zhu)(zhu)”，不(bu)(bu)(bu)存(cun)(cun)在唯我獨尊(zun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“普(pu)(pu)世(shi)(shi)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)”，把本國(guo)(guo)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)觀強(qiang)加于人(ren)(ren)(ren)只能增(zeng)加動蕩，按(an)意識形態(tai)劃線極(ji)易造(zao)成沖突。推(tui)動構建人(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)命(ming)(ming)運共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)(tong)體，就要本著對(dui)(dui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)前(qian)途命(ming)(ming)運高度負(fu)責的(de)(de)(de)(de)態(tai)度，做全人(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)(tong)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)倡(chang)導者，以寬廣胸懷理(li)(li)解不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)文(wen)明(ming)對(dui)(dui)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)內涵的(de)(de)(de)(de)認識，尊(zun)重不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)國(guo)(guo)家人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)對(dui)(dui)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)實(shi)(shi)現路(lu)徑的(de)(de)(de)(de)探索，尊(zun)重和(he)支持各國(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)對(dui)(dui)現代(dai)化道路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)自主(zhu)(zhu)選擇，把全人(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)(tong)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)具(ju)體地、現實(shi)(shi)地體現到(dao)實(shi)(shi)現本國(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)利益的(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)踐中去。構建人(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)命(ming)(ming)運共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)(tong)體，堅守和(he)弘揚全人(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)(tong)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)，要建設的(de)(de)(de)(de)是一個能夠(gou)承載不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)形態(tai)文(wen)明(ming)、能夠(gou)兼容多(duo)樣(yang)現代(dai)化道路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)世(shi)(shi)界(jie)，必將廣泛凝聚價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)識，畫出最大同(tong)(tong)(tong)心(xin)圓，促(cu)進(jin)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)文(wen)明(ming)包容共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)存(cun)(cun)、交流互鑒，共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)(tong)豐富世(shi)(shi)界(jie)文(wen)明(ming)百花園。

（作者為浙江大學(xue)馬克思主義(yi)學(xue)院教授(shou)）

彰顯中國特色、中國風格、中國氣派（學術圓桌）

郭樹勇

  構建(jian)人(ren)類命(ming)運共(gong)同體理(li)念(nian)(nian)，科(ke)學(xue)回答了“建(jian)設一個什么樣的(de)世(shi)(shi)界(jie)、如何建(jian)設這個世(shi)(shi)界(jie)”等重(zhong)大課題，為處于歷史十字路口的(de)世(shi)(shi)界(jie)指明了前(qian)進(jin)方(fang)向。這一理(li)念(nian)(nian)富有中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)特(te)色、引領人(ren)類發展進(jin)步(bu)潮(chao)流，彰顯中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)立場、中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)智(zhi)慧、中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)價值，成為新時代(dai)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)具有重(zhong)大國(guo)(guo)(guo)際影響(xiang)力、感染力的(de)標(biao)識性(xing)概念(nian)(nian)。

  概念是理(li)(li)論的(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎(chu)(chu)。在習近平外(wai)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)思想的(de)(de)(de)(de)理(li)(li)論體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)中(zhong)(zhong)，人(ren)(ren)類(lei)命(ming)運(yun)共同體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)是具(ju)有基礎(chu)(chu)性(xing)、統(tong)領性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要概念。服務(wu)民(min)族復(fu)興、促進(jin)人(ren)(ren)類(lei)進(jin)步，是新(xin)(xin)(xin)時(shi)(shi)代中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)外(wai)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主線。實(shi)現(xian)(xian)中(zhong)(zhong)華民(min)族偉(wei)大(da)復(fu)興需要有利的(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際環境，中(zhong)(zhong)華民(min)族要對人(ren)(ren)類(lei)和(he)平與發展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)崇(chong)高(gao)事(shi)業作出更(geng)(geng)(geng)大(da)貢獻(xian)。可(ke)以說，構(gou)(gou)建(jian)人(ren)(ren)類(lei)命(ming)運(yun)共同體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)，把服務(wu)民(min)族復(fu)興和(he)促進(jin)人(ren)(ren)類(lei)進(jin)步統(tong)籌起來(lai)，充分(fen)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)現(xian)(xian)了中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)發展(zhan)和(he)世界發展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)度統(tong)一(yi)，深刻揭示了新(xin)(xin)(xin)時(shi)(shi)代中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)外(wai)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)本質要求(qiu)和(he)前行方向，是新(xin)(xin)(xin)時(shi)(shi)代中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)外(wai)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)總目標(biao)。圍繞實(shi)現(xian)(xian)這(zhe)一(yi)總目標(biao)，我們提(ti)出構(gou)(gou)建(jian)新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際關系(xi)、共建(jian)“一(yi)帶(dai)一(yi)路(lu)”、全(quan)(quan)人(ren)(ren)類(lei)共同價值、全(quan)(quan)球(qiu)發展(zhan)倡(chang)議(yi)(yi)(yi)、全(quan)(quan)球(qiu)安全(quan)(quan)倡(chang)議(yi)(yi)(yi)、全(quan)(quan)球(qiu)文(wen)明倡(chang)議(yi)(yi)(yi)等一(yi)系(xi)列新(xin)(xin)(xin)理(li)(li)念新(xin)(xin)(xin)主張新(xin)(xin)(xin)倡(chang)議(yi)(yi)(yi)，使人(ren)(ren)類(lei)命(ming)運(yun)共同體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)這(zhe)一(yi)概念更(geng)(geng)(geng)加立體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)豐富，使新(xin)(xin)(xin)時(shi)(shi)代我國(guo)(guo)(guo)外(wai)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)原則立場(chang)更(geng)(geng)(geng)加鮮明、外(wai)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)理(li)(li)論更(geng)(geng)(geng)具(ju)時(shi)(shi)代特(te)色。構(gou)(gou)建(jian)人(ren)(ren)類(lei)命(ming)運(yun)共同體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)，體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)現(xian)(xian)守正創新(xin)(xin)(xin)、立己達人(ren)(ren)、擔(dan)當作為的(de)(de)(de)(de)理(li)(li)論品(pin)格，充分(fen)彰(zhang)顯中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)特(te)色、中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)風格、中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)氣派。

  守正創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)。新(xin)(xin)(xin)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)成立(li)后(hou)，我(wo)(wo)們黨(dang)確(que)立(li)獨立(li)自主的(de)(de)(de)和平外交(jiao)方針(zhen)，在不(bu)同(tong)歷史時(shi)(shi)期根(gen)據國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)形勢變(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)和我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)發展任務，提(ti)出不(bu)同(tong)外交(jiao)思(si)想(xiang)和主張。進入(ru)新(xin)(xin)(xin)時(shi)(shi)代，國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)力量對比發生深(shen)(shen)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)變(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)，國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)秩序(xu)深(shen)(shen)度調整，世(shi)(shi)界(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)正處于百年未有之(zhi)大(da)變(bian)(bian)(bian)局(ju)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)與世(shi)(shi)界(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)(de)關系(xi)發生歷史性變(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)，需(xu)要以(yi)新(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)理(li)念(nian)引領(ling)新(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)踐。在深(shen)(shen)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)變(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)世(shi)(shi)界(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，我(wo)(wo)們黨(dang)堅持以(yi)馬克思(si)主義觀察時(shi)(shi)代、把握時(shi)(shi)代、引領(ling)時(shi)(shi)代，深(shen)(shen)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)把握世(shi)(shi)界(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)各國(guo)(guo)(guo)相互(hu)聯系(xi)、相互(hu)依存更加(jia)緊密(mi)的(de)(de)(de)現實(shi)，深(shen)(shen)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)把握人類越來越成為不(bu)可分割的(de)(de)(de)命運共同(tong)體的(de)(de)(de)趨勢，同(tong)時(shi)(shi)準確(que)分析新(xin)(xin)(xin)時(shi)(shi)代的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)在世(shi)(shi)界(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)位置和使命，從(cong)而(er)提(ti)出構建人類命運共同(tong)體理(li)念(nian)。這(zhe)一(yi)理(li)念(nian)與我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)以(yi)往提(ti)出的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)系(xi)列外交(jiao)思(si)想(xiang)和主張一(yi)脈(mo)相承(cheng)，同(tong)時(shi)(shi)也是順應時(shi)(shi)代要求、因應新(xin)(xin)(xin)時(shi)(shi)代中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)與世(shi)(shi)界(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)關系(xi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)而(er)作出的(de)(de)(de)理(li)論創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)。這(zhe)一(yi)理(li)論創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)不(bu)僅推動(dong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)外交(jiao)展現新(xin)(xin)(xin)氣象(xiang)、開(kai)拓新(xin)(xin)(xin)局(ju)面(mian)，也給當(dang)今(jin)世(shi)(shi)界(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)各國(guo)(guo)(guo)構建互(hu)利(li)合作的(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)關系(xi)注入(ru)新(xin)(xin)(xin)活力，為國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)關系(xi)理(li)論跳出傳統窠臼、更加(jia)符合變(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)了(le)(le)的(de)(de)(de)世(shi)(shi)界(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)政治經濟格局(ju)打開(kai)了(le)(le)全(quan)新(xin)(xin)(xin)視野。

  立(li)(li)己(ji)達(da)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。習(xi)近(jin)平(ping)主席(xi)指出：“各國(guo)應該堅持人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)優先(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)理(li)念，而(er)不應把一(yi)己(ji)之(zhi)利凌(ling)駕于人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)利益之(zhi)上。”構(gou)建人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)命(ming)(ming)運(yun)(yun)共同體(ti)理(li)念堅持馬(ma)克思主義(yi)立(li)(li)場觀點方法，植根深(shen)厚中華優秀傳統(tong)文化(hua)，展(zhan)現立(li)(li)己(ji)達(da)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、胸懷天(tian)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)國(guo)氣度。馬(ma)克思主義(yi)堅持無產階級的(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)際(ji)主義(yi)同各國(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民的(de)(de)(de)(de)愛國(guo)主義(yi)相結合。中華文明主張(zhang)“大(da)道之(zhi)行也(ye)，天(tian)下(xia)為公”，推崇不同國(guo)家、不同文化(hua)“美(mei)美(mei)與(yu)(yu)共，天(tian)下(xia)大(da)同”。構(gou)建人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)命(ming)(ming)運(yun)(yun)共同體(ti)不是(shi)消滅分(fen)歧和(he)差異(yi)，而(er)是(shi)求同存異(yi)，突出人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)整(zheng)體(ti)性，實現共同體(ti)內個(ge)體(ti)與(yu)(yu)整(zheng)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)機統(tong)一(yi)。雖然在西方國(guo)際(ji)關(guan)系理(li)論(lun)中，也(ye)有(you)一(yi)些具有(you)跨文化(hua)視野的(de)(de)(de)(de)研究(jiu)成果，但其考察視野建立(li)(li)在不平(ping)等的(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)際(ji)關(guan)系之(zhi)上，因而(er)無法完成關(guan)乎(hu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)整(zheng)體(ti)前途命(ming)(ming)運(yun)(yun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)理(li)論(lun)建構(gou)。構(gou)建人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)命(ming)(ming)運(yun)(yun)共同體(ti)理(li)念既承載中國(guo)立(li)(li)足(zu)自身(shen)更好發展(zhan)對國(guo)際(ji)環境提出的(de)(de)(de)(de)期待，也(ye)蘊含世(shi)界(jie)各國(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民對美(mei)好未來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)期許(xu)，體(ti)現了中國(guo)把自身(shen)利益與(yu)(yu)世(shi)界(jie)各國(guo)利益緊密聯系在一(yi)起(qi)、以自身(shen)發展(zhan)為世(shi)界(jie)提供更多新機遇(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)天(tian)下(xia)情懷。

  擔(dan)當(dang)作(zuo)為(wei)。中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)對世(shi)(shi)界(jie)(jie)經濟增(zeng)長的(de)貢獻率(lv)連(lian)續多年達(da)到30%左右(you)，中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)的(de)發展(zhan)壯(zhuang)大(da)深刻(ke)影響世(shi)(shi)界(jie)(jie)歷史進(jin)程(cheng)。弄清楚我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)在世(shi)(shi)界(jie)(jie)格局演變(bian)中(zhong)的(de)地位(wei)和(he)作(zuo)用，科學制定(ding)對外方針政策，才能(neng)實(shi)現(xian)我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)與世(shi)(shi)界(jie)(jie)的(de)良性互(hu)動(dong)(dong)發展(zhan)。構建人(ren)類命(ming)(ming)運(yun)(yun)共(gong)同(tong)體(ti)(ti)(ti)彰顯(xian)了(le)(le)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)的(de)大(da)國(guo)(guo)擔(dan)當(dang)。大(da)國(guo)(guo)要(yao)有(you)大(da)國(guo)(guo)的(de)樣(yang)子，要(yao)提供(gong)更多全球(qiu)(qiu)公共(gong)產品(pin)，在維護世(shi)(shi)界(jie)(jie)和(he)平、促(cu)進(jin)共(gong)同(tong)繁榮、推(tui)動(dong)(dong)文明(ming)互(hu)鑒(jian)上承(cheng)擔(dan)大(da)國(guo)(guo)責任(ren)、展(zhan)現(xian)大(da)國(guo)(guo)擔(dan)當(dang)。在雙邊層面(mian)，我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)與老撾、巴基斯坦、柬埔寨、泰國(guo)(guo)等(deng)(deng)國(guo)(guo)家就構建雙邊命(ming)(ming)運(yun)(yun)共(gong)同(tong)體(ti)(ti)(ti)發表行動(dong)(dong)計劃、聯合(he)聲明(ming)或達(da)成重(zhong)要(yao)共(gong)識；在區域(yu)層面(mian)，推(tui)動(dong)(dong)建設周邊、亞洲(zhou)、中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)—東盟、上海合(he)作(zuo)組織等(deng)(deng)命(ming)(ming)運(yun)(yun)共(gong)同(tong)體(ti)(ti)(ti)；在全球(qiu)(qiu)治理層面(mian)，推(tui)動(dong)(dong)構建網(wang)絡空間命(ming)(ming)運(yun)(yun)共(gong)同(tong)體(ti)(ti)(ti)、人(ren)類衛生健康共(gong)同(tong)體(ti)(ti)(ti)、人(ren)與自然生命(ming)(ming)共(gong)同(tong)體(ti)(ti)(ti)等(deng)(deng)。這些理念和(he)倡議，豐富和(he)細化了(le)(le)人(ren)類命(ming)(ming)運(yun)(yun)共(gong)同(tong)體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)理論(lun)內(nei)涵和(he)實(shi)踐路徑，體(ti)(ti)(ti)現(xian)了(le)(le)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)為(wei)人(ren)類謀進(jin)步、為(wei)世(shi)(shi)界(jie)(jie)謀大(da)同(tong)的(de)鄭重(zhong)承(cheng)諾和(he)責任(ren)擔(dan)當(dang)。

（作者為上海外國(guo)語大學國(guo)際關系(xi)與公共事務(wu)學院教授）

 

 

原標題：人民日報(bao)整版探(tan)討：構建(jian)人類命運共同體理念(nian)有(you)哪些豐富(fu)內(nei)涵？

《 人民(min)日(ri)報(bao) 》（ 2023年05月22日(ri) 09 版）

責編：楊光宇、牛鏞

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