人(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智能治(zhi)理(li)攸關全人(ren)類命(ming)運，國(guo)際社會應該秉持真正的(de)(de)多(duo)邊(bian)主義(yi)精神，形成具有廣(guang)泛共(gong)識的(de)(de)人(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智能治(zhi)理(li)框(kuang)架和標準規范，不斷提升人(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智能技術(shu)的(de)(de)安全性(xing)(xing)(xing)、可靠性(xing)(xing)(xing)、可控(kong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)、公平性(xing)(xing)(xing)

　　“在一年(nian)之(zhi)內，人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)從科幻的同義(yi)詞變成(cheng)了數以百萬(wan)計(ji)的人(ren)(ren)使(shi)用(yong)的工(gong)(gong)具”“人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)正(zheng)在絲滑地(di)融入我們(men)的生(sheng)活(huo)，推動行業走向未來”“隨(sui)著2024年(nian)到來，改變傳統(tong)邊界的人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)創新將(jiang)(jiang)逐漸壯大(da)”……許多國(guo)際媒體在做(zuo)年(nian)終(zhong)盤點或來年(nian)展(zhan)望時，都將(jiang)(jiang)“人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)”列為關鍵詞。2023年(nian)，人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)在釋放巨(ju)大(da)應(ying)用(yong)價值和商業價值的同時，也帶來了難以預知的風(feng)險(xian)和挑戰。在人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)處于飛躍發展(zhan)的緊(jin)要(yao)關頭，加強人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)治理成(cheng)為國(guo)際社(she)會(hui)必(bi)須攜手面對的緊(jin)迫命(ming)題。

　　一年(nian)來，以大語言模型為代(dai)表(biao)的(de)人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)技術加速(su)發(fa)展，應用場景(jing)不斷拓寬，對經濟社(she)會(hui)發(fa)展產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)重要(yao)影響，為人(ren)(ren)類未來打開了新的(de)想象(xiang)空間。英(ying)國《自(zi)然》雜志近日評選(xuan)年(nian)度科(ke)(ke)技人(ren)(ren)物時，將(jiang)人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)大模型納入其中，以反映人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)給科(ke)(ke)學研究(jiu)帶來的(de)重大改變。從助力新藥研發(fa)到(dao)優化金融服務，從加速(su)軟(ruan)件開發(fa)到(dao)制定(ding)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)計劃，人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)應用日益廣泛。麥肯(ken)錫公司發(fa)布的(de)研究(jiu)報告將(jiang)2023年(nian)稱為“生(sheng)成式(shi)人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)的(de)突破之年(nian)”，1/3的(de)受訪(fang)者表(biao)示自(zi)身所(suo)在(zai)組織會(hui)在(zai)至少一項業務職能(neng)中經常使(shi)用生(sheng)成式(shi)人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)。美(mei)國歐亞集團(tuan)總裁(cai)伊恩·布雷默認為，人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)的(de)影響會(hui)比互聯網(wang)更深遠，人(ren)(ren)們將(jiang)在(zai)幾(ji)十年(nian)內看到(dao)廣泛的(de)創新，生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)力也將(jiang)隨(sui)之提高。

　　人(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)應(ying)用加(jia)速落(luo)地的(de)(de)同時，帶來的(de)(de)風險挑(tiao)戰也逐漸顯露(lu)。韋氏(shi)詞(ci)典編輯出版(ban)商美國韋氏(shi)出版(ban)公(gong)司宣(xuan)布(bu)將“真實(shi)的(de)(de)”一(yi)詞(ci)定為2023年度詞(ci)，原因是人(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)技(ji)(ji)術異軍突起導致(zhi)人(ren)們對“真實(shi)”的(de)(de)需求大(da)大(da)上升。如何(he)防止人(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)傳播虛(xu)假信(xin)息、侵(qin)害個人(ren)權益、制造安全(quan)(quan)風險、加(jia)大(da)技(ji)(ji)術鴻溝等，在(zai)全(quan)(quan)球(qiu)范圍引起空前關注。各方普遍認為，缺少有(you)效護欄，人(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)存在(zai)被誤用濫用的(de)(de)風險。“隨著全(quan)(quan)球(qiu)對人(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)的(de)(de)加(jia)速應(ying)用，政(zheng)府和(he)組織(zhi)有(you)必要考(kao)慮如何(he)最好地利用這(zhe)項技(ji)(ji)術造福(fu)人(ren)類和(he)地球(qiu)。”全(quan)(quan)球(qiu)移動(dong)通信(xin)系統協(xie)會首席執行官(guan)洪(hong)曜莊表(biao)示，應(ying)共同努(nu)力建立一(yi)個可(ke)信(xin)賴的(de)(de)人(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)環境。

　　善(shan)治(zhi)才能(neng)有(you)“善(shan)智(zhi)”。人(ren)(ren)(ren)工智(zhi)能(neng)究竟(jing)會對(dui)(dui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)社會發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)產生何種(zhong)(zhong)作(zuo)用，取決于國際(ji)社會能(neng)否趨利避害(hai)，開(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)有(you)效治(zhi)理(li)。聯合國秘書長古特雷斯指(zhi)出(chu)，要帶著(zhu)“一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)緊迫感(gan)、一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)全球視野和一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)學習者的(de)(de)心態”來(lai)應對(dui)(dui)這項(xiang)技(ji)術，各國應展(zhan)(zhan)開(kai)協調(diao)并設定紅線，爭(zheng)分(fen)奪秒推(tui)動人(ren)(ren)(ren)工智(zhi)能(neng)造福(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)。中國公布《生成式人(ren)(ren)(ren)工智(zhi)能(neng)服務管理(li)暫(zan)行辦法》，聯合國成立“人(ren)(ren)(ren)工智(zhi)能(neng)高(gao)級(ji)別咨(zi)詢(xun)機構(gou)”，全球人(ren)(ren)(ren)工智(zhi)能(neng)安全峰會發(fa)布《布萊奇利宣言》，歐盟就(jiu)《人(ren)(ren)(ren)工智(zhi)能(neng)法案》達(da)成協議(yi)……一(yi)年來(lai)，各方對(dui)(dui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)工智(zhi)能(neng)治(zhi)理(li)緊迫性(xing)的(de)(de)認識在(zai)深(shen)化，相關行動在(zai)提速，但(dan)面對(dui)(dui)這樣一(yi)項(xiang)必將深(shen)刻(ke)影響人(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)文(wen)明發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)軌跡的(de)(de)顛覆性(xing)技(ji)術，治(zhi)理(li)挑(tiao)戰仍廣(guang)泛(fan)存在(zai)，更有(you)效地協調(diao)全球合作(zuo)是當務之急(ji)。

　　從技(ji)術(shu)特(te)征看，人(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)的(de)發展和應(ying)用涉及大(da)量數(shu)據、算法、模型和系統，其內部邏(luo)輯和機制(zhi)(zhi)具有(you)(you)“黑箱”特(te)性，表現(xian)為行為不可(ke)控(kong)、決(jue)策機制(zhi)(zhi)難以解釋(shi)。目前，大(da)模型技(ji)術(shu)正迅速(su)(su)迭(die)代，其他多(duo)條技(ji)術(shu)路線也在加(jia)速(su)(su)演進，這對(dui)治(zhi)理(li)敏(min)捷性提(ti)(ti)出了更(geng)高(gao)要求。有(you)(you)專家警示，盡管人(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)技(ji)術(shu)正在加(jia)速(su)(su)發展，但(dan)仍(reng)有(you)(you)許多(duo)未(wei)知(zhi)因素(su)，“這就好比我們在不了解燃(ran)燒科學(xue)的(de)情(qing)況下制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)發動(dong)機”。有(you)(you)效的(de)人(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)治(zhi)理(li)一(yi)方(fang)(fang)面要推(tui)動(dong)建立風險等級(ji)測試評(ping)估體系，實(shi)施(shi)敏(min)捷治(zhi)理(li)，分類(lei)(lei)分級(ji)管理(li)，快速(su)(su)有(you)(you)效響應(ying)，另一(yi)方(fang)(fang)面應(ying)推(tui)動(dong)研發主體不斷提(ti)(ti)高(gao)人(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)可(ke)解釋(shi)性和可(ke)預(yu)測性，提(ti)(ti)升數(shu)據真實(shi)性和準確性，確保人(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)始(shi)終(zhong)處于(yu)人(ren)類(lei)(lei)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)下，打造(zao)可(ke)審核、可(ke)監督、可(ke)追(zhui)溯、可(ke)信賴的(de)人(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)技(ji)術(shu)。

　　從社(she)會(hui)(hui)影響看，人(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)發展和應用(yong)既涉及提高生產效(xiao)率、改善社(she)會(hui)(hui)福(fu)利、促(cu)進經(jing)濟(ji)增長等(deng)發展問題，也涉及隱私、安(an)全、公(gong)平(ping)、正(zheng)義等(deng)價值倫理(li)問題。加(jia)強治(zhi)理(li)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)各方從不同(tong)(tong)的(de)認知理(li)解(jie)和期(qi)望需(xu)求(qiu)中尋求(qiu)共識，實現智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)向善，增進人(ren)類共同(tong)(tong)福(fu)祉(zhi)。當(dang)前形勢下，尤其需(xu)要(yao)(yao)引起國際(ji)社(she)會(hui)(hui)警惕的(de)是，個別大國企圖壟斷(duan)人(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)發展優勢，熱衷于(yu)搞“小院高墻”“脫鉤斷(duan)鏈(lian)”，甚至(zhi)要(yao)(yao)把(ba)意識形態偏見(jian)引入(ru)人(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)治(zhi)理(li)，打造封閉(bi)排他的(de)“小圈(quan)子”，惡(e)意阻撓他國人(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)發展。這些做法損害各國平(ping)等(deng)發展和利用(yong)人(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)的(de)權利，與共享(xiang)人(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)知識成果(guo)的(de)目標(biao)背道而馳。人(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)治(zhi)理(li)攸關全人(ren)類命運，國際(ji)社(she)會(hui)(hui)應該秉(bing)持真(zhen)正(zheng)的(de)多邊主義精(jing)神，形成具有廣泛(fan)共識的(de)人(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)治(zhi)理(li)框架和標(biao)準規范(fan)，不斷(duan)提升人(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)技術的(de)安(an)全性、可(ke)靠(kao)性、可(ke)控(kong)性、公(gong)平(ping)性。

　　作為負責任的(de)人(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)大國，中(zhong)國一(yi)貫(guan)高度(du)重視人(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)治(zhi)理(li)(li)。在(zai)國內逐(zhu)步建立(li)健全(quan)相(xiang)關法律法規(gui)和(he)制度(du)體系(xi)的(de)同(tong)時，中(zhong)國主動為加強全(quan)球人(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)治(zhi)理(li)(li)貢獻智(zhi)慧。中(zhong)方提(ti)(ti)出(chu)《全(quan)球人(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)治(zhi)理(li)(li)倡議》，圍繞人(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)、安(an)(an)全(quan)、治(zhi)理(li)(li)三方面系(xi)統闡述人(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)治(zhi)理(li)(li)的(de)中(zhong)國方案，堅持發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)與(yu)安(an)(an)全(quan)并(bing)重的(de)系(xi)統思(si)維，倡導以人(ren)為本、智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)向善(shan)的(de)普(pu)遍共識，弘揚平等互利、尊重人(ren)類權益的(de)價(jia)值理(li)(li)念，為各方普(pu)遍關切的(de)人(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)與(yu)治(zhi)理(li)(li)問題提(ti)(ti)供(gong)了建設性(xing)解決思(si)路，為相(xiang)關國際討(tao)論(lun)和(he)規(gui)則制定提(ti)(ti)供(gong)了藍(lan)本。中(zhong)國還積極同(tong)各方就(jiu)全(quan)球人(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)治(zhi)理(li)(li)開展(zhan)溝通交流、務實合作。中(zhong)美(mei)元首舊金山會(hui)晤(wu)期間，雙方同(tong)意建立(li)人(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)政(zheng)府間對話，為加強全(quan)球人(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)治(zhi)理(li)(li)注入了新動力(li)，令國際社會(hui)備受鼓舞。

　　人工智(zhi)能(neng)是人類(lei)(lei)發(fa)展(zhan)新(xin)領域(yu)，有效治(zhi)理才能(neng)使(shi)其(qi)健(jian)(jian)康發(fa)展(zhan)、造福人類(lei)(lei)。在世界(jie)和平(ping)與(yu)發(fa)展(zhan)面(mian)臨(lin)多元挑戰的(de)背景下，各國(guo)唯有秉持(chi)共(gong)(gong)同、綜合(he)、合(he)作、可持(chi)續的(de)安全觀，堅持(chi)發(fa)展(zhan)和安全并重的(de)原則，通過對話與(yu)合(he)作凝聚共(gong)(gong)識(shi)，構建開放(fang)、公正、有效的(de)治(zhi)理機制，才能(neng)共(gong)(gong)同促(cu)進(jin)全球人工智(zhi)能(neng)健(jian)(jian)康有序安全發(fa)展(zhan)，確保人工智(zhi)能(neng)始終朝著有利于人類(lei)(lei)文明進(jin)步的(de)方向發(fa)展(zhan)。 

原標題：加強人工智能治理 世界必須攜手面對
責任編輯：牛鏞、岳弘彬)
頁面編輯：蘇偉