人(ren)工(gong)智能(neng)(neng)(neng)是(shi)現代化(hua)產(chan)業體系的(de)戰略支撐。今年的(de)《政府工(gong)作報(bao)告》圍繞(rao)“深化(hua)大數據、人(ren)工(gong)智能(neng)(neng)(neng)等(deng)研發應用”作出部署，并首次將(jiang)“開展‘人(ren)工(gong)智能(neng)(neng)(neng)+’行動”寫入其中。這將(jiang)為(wei)新一(yi)輪人(ren)工(gong)智能(neng)(neng)(neng)新技(ji)術新應用創造(zao)更(geng)好的(de)發展機遇，加速(su)推(tui)動數字技(ji)術和實體經濟深度(du)融合，不斷塑造(zao)發展新動能(neng)(neng)(neng)新優(you)勢(shi)，促進(jin)社(she)會生產(chan)力實現新的(de)躍升。

　　新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)一輪科技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)革命(ming)(ming)和(he)(he)產(chan)業變(bian)(bian)革，核心在(zai)人工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能。創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)主(zhu)導(dao)，科技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)，以(yi)創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)鏈催生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)業鏈，以(yi)產(chan)業鏈壯大價值鏈，成為現(xian)(xian)代經濟(ji)繁榮的(de)(de)關鍵。產(chan)業革命(ming)(ming)背(bei)后是技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術革命(ming)(ming)。科技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)革命(ming)(ming)帶(dai)來新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)要(yao)素，優化(hua)(hua)傳(chuan)統生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)要(yao)素，改(gai)善生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)的(de)(de)組織和(he)(he)管(guan)理，從而培育新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)產(chan)業，形成新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態，促進(jin)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)發(fa)(fa)展。在(zai)移(yi)動(dong)(dong)互(hu)聯網、大數據、超級計算、傳(chuan)感(gan)網、腦科學等新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)理論新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術的(de)(de)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)下，人工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能加速發(fa)(fa)展，呈現(xian)(xian)出(chu)深(shen)度學習、跨界(jie)融合、人機協(xie)同(tong)、群智(zhi)(zhi)開放、自(zi)主(zhu)操(cao)控等新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)特(te)征(zheng)，以(yi)科技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)力變(bian)(bian)革驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)經濟(ji)發(fa)(fa)展的(de)(de)質量(liang)變(bian)(bian)革和(he)(he)效(xiao)率變(bian)(bian)革，催生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)大量(liang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)產(chan)業、新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)業態、新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)模(mo)式。人工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能可(ke)(ke)以(yi)大幅提(ti)升(sheng)管(guan)理效(xiao)率和(he)(he)組織效(xiao)率，降本增(zeng)效(xiao)；可(ke)(ke)以(yi)替代危(wei)險或特(te)定崗位的(de)(de)人力，創(chuang)造(zao)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型就業崗位，優化(hua)(hua)勞動(dong)(dong)力要(yao)素；可(ke)(ke)以(yi)為傳(chuan)統制造(zao)業智(zhi)(zhi)慧賦(fu)能，改(gai)善生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)要(yao)素結構；可(ke)(ke)以(yi)提(ti)高新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)藥(yao)研發(fa)(fa)效(xiao)率，提(ti)升(sheng)金融風險監測水(shui)平(ping)，推(tui)動(dong)(dong)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)駕駛等，促進(jin)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術和(he)(he)服務創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)；還可(ke)(ke)以(yi)實現(xian)(xian)圖像(xiang)識別和(he)(he)搜索，優化(hua)(hua)公共服務等，增(zeng)進(jin)社(she)會(hui)福祉。人工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)應用溢(yi)出(chu)性強、牽引力足，給(gei)全(quan)球發(fa)(fa)展和(he)(he)人類生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活帶(dai)來翻天覆地的(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)，深(shen)刻塑造(zao)了國際政治經濟(ji)格局，具有顯著(zhu)的(de)(de)“頭雁”效(xiao)應。

　　全(quan)球(qiu)(qiu)經濟躍升，得(de)益于(yu)人工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)。作為(wei)牽引互聯網、大(da)數(shu)(shu)據、云計算(suan)(suan)、區塊鏈(lian)等(deng)技術(shu)加速(su)創新的(de)(de)集成(cheng)(cheng)性技術(shu)，人工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)融入經濟社會發展各(ge)領(ling)域(yu)全(quan)過程，推動數(shu)(shu)字經濟迅速(su)發展、廣泛輻射、全(quan)面滲(shen)透(tou)，成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)重(zhong)組全(quan)球(qiu)(qiu)要素資源、重(zhong)塑全(quan)球(qiu)(qiu)經濟結(jie)構(gou)(gou)、改變(bian)全(quan)球(qiu)(qiu)競爭(zheng)格局(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)關鍵(jian)力(li)量。特別(bie)是(shi)生成(cheng)(cheng)式人工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)出現(xian)突破后(hou)，不僅(jin)在(zai)金融、醫療(liao)、制造業(ye)、交通運輸、教育(yu)、文化(hua)、零售和電子商務等(deng)各(ge)領(ling)域(yu)迅速(su)滲(shen)透(tou)，賦能(neng)千行百業(ye)，還促進了芯片(pian)、算(suan)(suan)力(li)、半導體、光模塊等(deng)關鍵(jian)技術(shu)領(ling)域(yu)，以(yi)及基于(yu)各(ge)類識別(bie)技術(shu)構(gou)(gou)建的(de)(de)軟件產品、解決(jue)方案和技術(shu)平(ping)臺等(deng)人工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)自身產業(ye)鏈(lian)的(de)(de)極大(da)繁(fan)榮。有(you)知名國(guo)(guo)際機構(gou)(gou)測算(suan)(suan)，隨著更多以(yi)自然(ran)語(yu)言處理為(wei)核心技術(shu)的(de)(de)先進生產力(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具被采(cai)用，未來(lai)10年全(quan)球(qiu)(qiu)年均(jun)GDP有(you)望(wang)增長(chang)7%，約7萬億(yi)美元(yuan)。各(ge)國(guo)(guo)紛(fen)(fen)紛(fen)(fen)圍繞人工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)展開激(ji)烈角(jiao)逐，以(yi)期(qi)借人工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)之勢(shi)在(zai)新的(de)(de)歷史變(bian)局(ju)(ju)中搶占國(guo)(guo)際競爭(zheng)優勢(shi)。

　　新(xin)(xin)質生產(chan)力發(fa)展，離不(bu)(bu)開人(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)。黨的(de)十八(ba)大以(yi)來，中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)經濟乘信(xin)息(xi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)東風，逐數(shu)(shu)字化(hua)(hua)(hua)浪潮(chao)，成(cheng)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)之勢，取得歷史性成(cheng)就、發(fa)生歷史性變革。在網(wang)絡強國(guo)(guo)戰(zhan)(zhan)略(lve)指引下(xia)，有關部(bu)門先后出(chu)臺(tai)《網(wang)絡強國(guo)(guo)戰(zhan)(zhan)略(lve)實(shi)(shi)施綱要》《數(shu)(shu)字經濟發(fa)展戰(zhan)(zhan)略(lve)綱要》《數(shu)(shu)字中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)建設(she)整(zheng)體布局規劃(hua)》等一系列(lie)政策舉措(cuo)，初步形(xing)成(cheng)以(yi)網(wang)絡安(an)全(quan)法(fa)、電子商務法(fa)、數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)安(an)全(quan)法(fa)、個人(ren)信(xin)息(xi)保護法(fa)為骨架的(de)網(wang)絡法(fa)治體系，特別是實(shi)(shi)施了《新(xin)(xin)一代人(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)發(fa)展規劃(hua)》《促進新(xin)(xin)一代人(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)產(chan)業發(fa)展三年行(xing)動計劃(hua)（2018—2020年）》《關于加快場(chang)景創新(xin)(xin)以(yi)人(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)高(gao)水平(ping)應用(yong)促進經濟高(gao)質量發(fa)展的(de)指導(dao)意見》和《關于支持建設(she)新(xin)(xin)一代人(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)示范(fan)應用(yong)場(chang)景的(de)通知》等政策舉措(cuo)，推(tui)動“算賦百業”，不(bu)(bu)斷豐富智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)慧(hui)農場(chang)、智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)港口(kou)、智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)礦山、智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)工(gong)(gong)廠、智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)慧(hui)家(jia)居、智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)教育、自動駕(jia)駛(shi)、智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)診療、智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)慧(hui)法(fa)院、智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)供應鏈等應用(yong)場(chang)景，成(cheng)績斐然。工(gong)(gong)業和信(xin)息(xi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)部(bu)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)顯示，2023年，我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)生成(cheng)式(shi)人(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)企(qi)業采用(yong)率已達15%，市場(chang)規模約為14.4萬(wan)億元。專(zhuan)家(jia)預測，2035年生成(cheng)式(shi)人(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)有望為全(quan)球貢獻近90萬(wan)億元的(de)經濟價(jia)值(zhi)，其中(zhong)我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)將突(tu)破30萬(wan)億元。中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)人(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)創新(xin)(xin)水平(ping)已進入(ru)世界前列(lie)。

　　高質量(liang)發展新賽道(dao)，機(ji)(ji)(ji)遇在人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智能。當前，我國已(yi)形成從底層(ceng)芯(xin)片(pian)、通信(xin)設備到平臺的(de)完整(zheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)鏈，具有(you)互聯(lian)網應用領先和大市場優(you)勢，但仍然面(mian)臨特定制(zhi)程(cheng)芯(xin)片(pian)被“卡脖子(zi)”、高質量(liang)數(shu)據和語料存在缺陷，以及自主原創(chuang)性技(ji)(ji)術不多、國際話語權較(jiao)弱等挑戰(zhan)。“人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智能+”行動將促(cu)進全國一(yi)(yi)體(ti)化算(suan)力(li)體(ti)系盡快形成，支持平臺企業(ye)(ye)在促(cu)進創(chuang)新、增加就(jiu)業(ye)(ye)、國際競爭中(zhong)大顯(xian)身手，形成更加完善的(de)數(shu)據基礎制(zhi)度、數(shu)字經濟(ji)和人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智能治理機(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)，加速(su)推進數(shu)字產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)化、產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)數(shu)字化。特別是(shi)聚焦人(ren)(ren)民群(qun)眾教(jiao)育、醫療、養老(lao)等生活需要(yao)，鼓勵人(ren)(ren)形機(ji)(ji)(ji)器人(ren)(ren)等一(yi)(yi)系列領先人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智能技(ji)(ji)術應用突破，加快布局超大型智算(suan)中(zhong)心、無人(ren)(ren)駕駛、未(wei)來(lai)生物等戰(zhan)略性新興產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)，培育多模態人(ren)(ren)機(ji)(ji)(ji)交(jiao)互、工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)理解計算(suan)及代碼(ma)生成等創(chuang)新性未(wei)來(lai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)，將實現以新技(ji)(ji)術新產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)帶動生產(chan)(chan)(chan)力(li)深層(ceng)次變(bian)革，形成具有(you)國際競爭力(li)的(de)數(shu)字產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)集群(qun)。

　　發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)之道，創新為要。新一代(dai)人(ren)工(gong)智能越來越成為我(wo)國實(shi)(shi)現(xian)高水(shui)平(ping)科技(ji)自立自強的關鍵抓手，成為我(wo)國經濟(ji)由高速增長轉(zhuan)向高質量發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的重要驅動。開展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)“人(ren)工(gong)智能+”行動，以(yi)更大力度推動發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)方式(shi)轉(zhuan)變(bian)、經濟(ji)結構優化(hua)、增長動力轉(zhuan)換，以(yi)扎(zha)實(shi)(shi)舉措牽(qian)引(yin)科技(ji)跨(kua)越發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)、產(chan)業優化(hua)升級(ji)、生(sheng)產(chan)力整體躍升，必(bi)將(jiang)有力支撐我(wo)國現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)產(chan)業體系(xi)建設(she)(she)和新質生(sheng)產(chan)力發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，為強國建設(she)(she)和民族復興(xing)提供新的澎(peng)湃動能。

（作者支振鋒，系中(zhong)國社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)科學(xue)院習(xi)近平新時(shi)代中(zhong)國特色社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)主義思想研(yan)(yan)究中(zhong)心研(yan)(yan)究員、中(zhong)國社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)科學(xue)院法學(xue)研(yan)(yan)究所研(yan)(yan)究員）

原標題：開展“人工智能+”行動 塑造發展新動能新優勢
責任編輯：孔繁鑫
網頁編輯：蘇偉